【Substrate Papers】Effects of crystal and melt transparency on twisting of β-Ga₂O₃ crystals grown by the Czochralski method

      Researchers from the Tohoku University have published a dissertation titled "Effects of crystal and melt transparency on twisting of β-Ga₂O₃ crystals grown by the Czochralski method" in Journal of Crystal Growth.

Abstract

      The twisting of oxide crystals during their growth process is a major problem that has limited their wider application. We previously conducted three-dimensional analyses that indicated the twisting of beta gallium oxide crystals may be affected by their degree of transparency. In this study, we conducted numerical simulations to study the effects of internal radiation in beta gallium oxide crystals and melts on heat transfer during the Czochralski method. The temperature and velocity distributions in the crystal and melt and the shape of the interface between the crystal and melt were obtained. We used the Rosseland approximation to consider the internal radiation in both the crystal and melt to calculate the heat transfer in the furnace. The results indicated that the temperature gradient was smaller in transparent crystal than in opaque crystal while the temperature gradient was slightly smaller in transparent melt than in opaque melt. These results can be attributed to the radiative heat transfer through the crystal and melt: the crystal faces the cold wall of the furnace, which produces a large heat flux for the heat transfer; meanwhile, the melt faces the hot wall of a crucible, which produces a small heat flux for the heat transfer.

DOI：

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrysgro.2025.128192